LEADERSHIP IN CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION: CONSEQUENCES AND INCENTIVES

Initiatives in favor of unilateral action on climate change are frequently challenged by concerns over free riding. Nevertheless, we observe an increasing number of unilateral efforts at different administrative levels and in different parts of the world. Previous academic literature described various individual mechanisms where emissions abroad may increase or decrease as a reaction to unilateral emission reductions. In this paper, we collect a comprehensive set of both positive and negative reactions and analyze them in stylized models. This allows us to identify the most important characteristics that determine the potential of a leader to boost mitigation efforts abroad. We find that this potential depends on (i) a strong ability to generate knowledge through leadership, (ii) a high degree of credibility in the international community, and (iii) a similar economic structure to the most important emitters. While most effects are difficult to quantify, this comprehensive assessment suggests that leakage effects resulting from unilateral mitigation may well be outweighed by positive reactions.     

Understanding precedents for frontline employee turnover in luxury hotels: Emotional intelligence as a unifying factor

Current turnover research fails to serve the needs of an industry that is long plagued by employee turnover. Existing literature focuses more on evaluating bundles of human resource practices and fail to provide precise and clear guidance for practitioners. This study proposes that emotional intelligence (EI) unifies sufficient individual factors and organizational factors that affect employee turnover and serves as a single significant precedent for turnover. Data were collected from frontline employees at eight luxury hotels. The direct, indirect, and total impacts of employee EI on employee turnover were tested by structural equation modeling and bootstrap tests. The results suggest that EI has significant indirect impacts through the mediation of perceived organizational support, pay satisfaction and job burnout, and significant total impacts on turnover. Implication suggestions include integrating EI into the recruiting process for new employees and providing training opportunities for current employees to improve their EI.     

机头前部受油装置渗漏油对飞机视野的影响分析

空中受油在未来的制空权争霸中越来越得到广泛应用.而受油装置一般位于座舱正前方或侧前上方,当受油过程中出现渗漏油时,油料以一定的初始速度向后方运动,而飞机以正常飞行速度向前方运动,因此,渗漏出的油料会以较高的相对速度喷向飞机.当油料高速喷向座舱玻璃时,需充分考虑油料对空勤视野的影响,设计上应对影响程度进行分析和试验,并将结果与用户充分沟通,以方便用户更好使用装备.     

价值链视角下中心城市创新首位度评价与比较研究——以南京为例

基于创新价值链理论，构建创新首位度的理论内涵与评价体系，对南京和其它中心城市的创新首位度进行评价与比较。研究结果显示：①在总体首位度方面，南京位列省域中心城市排名下游，落后于西安、成都、武汉、郑州、广州等国家中心城市，自2008年以来一直落后于深圳、杭州、合肥、苏州等对标竞争城市且差距较大；②在分项首位度方面，南京的研发创新、产业创新首位度位列省域中心城市排名底端，导致南京在两个首位度矩阵中均处于C象限，创新价值链呈现严重的不均衡性；③省域中心城市普遍存在创新价值链的“漏斗效应”，即知识创新首位度＞研发创新首位度＞产业创新首位度，南京尤甚，说明技术创新过程存在大量沟壑；④拓展性研究表明，省域中心城市的创新首位度＞经济首位度＞人口首位度，但是近十年3个首位度的增速排序与上述情况相反，说明创新资源有着更强的集聚效应，应避免行政手段对创新资源的错配。最后，提出对策建议与研究展望。     

基于不同空间权重矩阵的我国省域经济空间效应研究

运用Geoda空间分析软件,针对我国31个省市(港澳台除外)的2001-2020年GDP,运用不同权重矩阵进行空间相关分析和动态变化分析.基于"后"型、K-最近邻和欧式距离空间权重矩阵进行全局和局部空间自相关分析.结果表明不同权重矩阵的全局Moran'sI指数检验都有显著的空间相关性,其中K最近邻矩阵时达到最大.我国省域经济呈现局部聚集性分布,不同空间权重矩阵在检测省域经济中,"高-高""低-低""高-低""低-高"空间聚集性方面存在一定差异.结论我国省域经济存在显著全局及局部自相关性.结合不同的空间权重矩阵进行综合分析,有助于深入掌握我国省域经济分布特征,为合理配置资源提供依据.     

技术溢出与审计收费 ——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

以2007～2018年A股非金融行业上市公司的数据为样本,从审计收费的角度实证检验了技术溢出的正面效应.研究发现,技术溢出能够显著降低审计收费,而企业经营风险和多元化程度的降低是导致上述效应的传导机制.进一步研究发现,审计质量并未由于审计收费的减少而下降,表明技术溢出提高了审计效益.此外,技术溢出与审计收费的负向关系在高人力资本的事务所或企业中更为显著.上述发现为技术溢出的经济效应提供了新的经验证据,为理解审计收费的影响因素提供了不同的视角.     

Line by line,part by part: collaborative sketching for designing

While sketching has an established role in professional design, its benefits and role in design education are subjects that invite research and opinions. We investigated how undergraduates studying to become design educators and textile teachers used sketching to generate and develop design solutions in a collaborative setting. The students were given an authentic design assignment involving three detailed tasks, one of which was 2D visualisation by sketching. Adopting a micro-analytical approach, we analysed the video-recorded visualisation session to understand how teams used sketching to collaborate and to generate and develop design solutions. To that end, we set three research questions: (1) What ways of collaborative working are reflected in actions of sketching? (2) In what ways do sequences of collaborative sketching contribute to designing? (3) What kinds of collaborative sequences of sketching advance designing? Our analysis identified three collaborative ways of sketching (co-ordinated, collective and disclosed) and confirmed that sketching is an important facilitator of mutual appropriation, adaption and adoption. Next, we identified three ways of contributing to designing, as well as three functions and six capacities for advancing designing. Our analysis shows that sketching can lead to invaluable advances in designing, although each team had its own way of using and benefiting from sketching. We further consider that the teams’ diverse sketching processes and rich content owed, at least in part, to the task structure and imposed constraints. We continue to see sketching as an important design tool, one among many.     

施工企业引导EPC项目初步设计策划

EPC工程总承包合同模式不同于施工总承包,通常情况下业主不提供施工图纸,业主只对工程的功能性提出相应要求.承包商可以综合协调建筑的使用功能、结构安全、工期、成本等诸多因素,最大限度地发挥设计的主导作用,为业主提供优质服务的同时,增加自身的盈利水平.EPC项目不论何种模式,从成本造价控制角度讲,其设计阶段管控效果要远远大于采购与施工阶段.通过商务创效引导初步设计,从源头落实商务策划,锁定工程概算,降低EPC项目设计风险,加强设计前段管理,能有效地提升项目生产经营能力.     

加征关税如何影响美国贸易逆差及全球福利——基于美元本位下两国动态一般均衡框架的分析

本文构建了一个包含美元本位特征的两国模型,在此基础上分析了美国加征关税及引发的贸易摩擦对美国贸易逆差和全球福利的影响,并详细探讨了相关传导机制。在基准模型设定下,美国单方面加征20%关税会使得美国贸易逆差占GDP比重小幅缩小约0.40个百分点,美国长期稳态GDP下降约2.50%,其他国家GDP下降约1.10%,美国居民福利上升约0.60%,其他国家居民福利下降约1.20%。美国单方面加征关税在抑制全球贸易和生产的同时,会通过更加不公平的国际贸易恶化全球福利分配。当其他国家采取报复性措施时,其他国家自身福利并不会进一步恶化,但美国福利会大幅下滑,同时美国贸易逆差相对规模变化不大。贸易摩擦博弈的“囚徒困境”特征在一定程度上能够解释贸易战的发生。削弱美元本位地位能促进国际贸易公平性的提升,进而能减弱贸易摩擦带来的负面影响、提升全球福利水平,并能有效缩窄美国贸易逆差。     

考虑碳交易的风电-抽水蓄能联合运行模式优化研究

随着"碳达峰—碳中和"的双碳目标成为国家战略,如何快速高质量的发展清洁能源成为亟待解决的问题.本文从经济性和碳排放两个角度研究了风电-抽水蓄能联合运行系统的综合效益,建立了包括风电-抽水蓄能联合运行系统建设成本、运维成本、备用成本和风电消纳成本四个成本指标以及联合运行效益、削峰填谷效益、网损改善效益和附加效益四个效益指标的风电-抽水蓄能联合运行系统综合效益模型.同时,以风电-抽水蓄能联合运行系统的综合效益最大化为目标,基于低碳交易规则,提出了风电-抽水蓄能联合运行系统优化运行模式.最后,选取了IEEE 14节点系统对模型进行测试,验证了优化方法的有效性.